Maria Theresa of Prussian law

Starting in and around the year 1740 with the crowning of Maria Theresa as empress, began the buildup of the Prussian army. In the eighteenth century commenced the rein of the â€Å"Prince of Prussia†. By mid century, despite only having 3 million inhabitants it had the third strongest army in Europe. It was planning to take over Austria. According to the author, Ozment, the key to Prussia’s dominance and success was due to its ability to conquer and build because of long lived kings. Frederick I crowned himself the King of Prussia in 1701 and openly challenged Austria.His son, Frederick William I brought back Prussian virtues of discipline, obedience and piety. Between him and his son, the army quadrupled in size. An integration of religion and social reform transformed the country. This served to enlighten and educate the populace. Prussia attacked Austria three times, won the Silesian war, increased its landmass by half and revenues by a third. Prussia later suffered a few defeats when attacked by other European countries in the battle of Kolin and others.But the embattled Prussia returned at Rossbach, thought to be their greatest victory. By war’s end, a large amount of the country was destitute and 1/10th of its prewar population had perished. But Frederick aimed to build and rebuild. His reign was deemed enlightened absolutist because it was â€Å"hierarchical and strong-armed, yet optimistic and progressive for the times†. The ruler enabled free press, economic development and the codification of Prussian law.. Frederick believed that the power of Prussia was in its army and he developed it. He also created a strong centralized government and even ruled over the Prussian nobles who wanted their estates, serf and etc. He was also philosophically aligned with John Locke, another enlightened thinker and â€Å"father of liberalism†. Frederick also followed the model that a ruler was authoritative over individuals because he represented and enforced order in order to make individual freedoms possible.

The Zoo Story

Daniel Castellanos THE2000 Ms Janet Roney 12/1/12 The Zoo Story Edward Albee’s â€Å"The Zoo Story† is a one act play that shows what alienation and loneliness can drive a man to do. It is a unique story in the sense that you almost feel as though you are reading in on a social experiment. I consider it is an experiment because of how the reactions between the two characters Peter and Jerry lead up to an intense and life affecting climax between the two. The idea of The Zoo Story is about a middle class man with a wife and two daughters named peter who you can say is quite receptive to what life has given him so far.However, you also have a man named jerry who is just about the opposite. Jerry is unfortunately friendless and not to happy with what life has brought to his plate. One day these two characters have a date with destiny on a New York City park bench. As Peter is minding to himself Jerry comes along and tries to befriend him. The socialization between the two doesn’t go as planned for Jerry. Nevertheless, Jerry walked into that conversation with another plan. It was one that included his own death.Eventually, it ends up into a confrontation between the two where Jerry is punching thus forcing Peter into defending himself. Jerry then pulls out a knife and tosses it towards Peter forcing his hand. In self defense, Peter picks up the knife and holds it up which then leads to Jerry charging towards the knife and thus murdering himself. Peter reactively says â€Å"Oh my God† whereas then with Jerry’s last breath he says â€Å"Oh†¦My†¦ God is a combination of scornful mimicry and supplication†. His last words give you an insight on what this novels idea could be.After reading, I started to relate to how Aristotle’s theory on Plot matches to â€Å"The Zoo Story†. When you think of plot you would consider the arraignment of events such as rising action and climax. Now when you start to stick to gether the structural plots in this story you would begin with the exposition where Peter is sitting on the park bench and soon then enters Jerry. The rising action would have to be the conversation they both shared leading up until the moment Jerry spits and then punches Peter. Of course, the climax is the scene when Jerry then tosses the knife on the floor and hen forces Peter to choose between leaving or quite possibly killing a man with his own weapon. The falling action is when Jerry runs into the blade consequently killing him. Therefore, leading to the resolution which is the last words Jerry is able to say to Peter after his initial reaction to his death. The idea of characters would mainly consist of the protagonist and the antagonist. In The Zoo Story it puts you in the life of Jerry who, to some, would come off as the antagonist however to me I see him as the protagonist.It is clear that Jerry is a man who is lonely and desperate to make a friend. It starts with Jerry try ing to make an effort to communicate with Peter, yet he doesn’t seem all interested. As each new topic Jerry comes up with is diminished it gives me the feeling that all Jerry is trying to do is socialize with another human being. The theme of a play is usually the reason why the playwright would write the play. The theme we come across in this play is Loneliness.

‘A Passion for DNA: Genes, Genomes, and Society’

â€Å"No one then had any compelling reason to take my hypothesis seriously, but by November 1952 I liked it well enough to print DNA  ® RNA  ® protein on a small piece of paper that I taped on the wall above my writing table in my rooms at Clare College.From the day of our first meeting, Francis Crick and I thought it highly likely that the genetic information of DNA is conveyed by the sequence of its four bases. But we knew it was premature to promote this idea before the structure of DNA was known. However, the moment we first saw how to build a double helix out of the four base pairs, it was clear that the essential uniqueness of a gene must reside in its respective sequence of four bases.†So wrote James D. Watson in his book, A Passion for DNA: Genes, Genomes, and Society. In this work, told with refreshing honesty, is the human story of how Watson and Francis Crick won a Nobel Prize for what may be the most important advance in the life sciences since Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species.In this collection of essays (written for a variety of occasions during the past three decades), Watson discusses the science and sociology of several issues – foremost are recombinant DNA, the nature of cancer research, the past, present, and future of DNA the Human Genome Project and its bioethical problems.The book starts with an autobiographical discussion of the events in Watson’s life that preceded his discovery of the double helix. He then describes his scientific mentors, collaborators and rivals, as well as his philosophy on science. (Watson’s advice for budding scientists: learn from the winners, take risks, have a fallback, have fun and stay connected.)In 1953, two young, unknown scientists sparked a worldwide revolution. Studying DNA for clues to the nature of genes, James Watson and Francis Crick deduced its molecular composition – two chains twisted into a double helix – and immediately realized that th e structure implied how genes were copied and passed from one generation to the next.Their observation has had extraordinary consequences: the discovery of a genetic code that all living things share and the realization that the code translates into proteins; the ability to alter an organism's genetic make-up; recognition that diseases like cancer begin when genes go wrong; the foundations of a biotechnology industry and the means of cloning plants and animals; a start on cataloguing human genes; and the glimmer of a new kind of medicine that uses DNA therapeutically.As public concern about genetically modified food mounts, here is Watson's salutary reminder, from a previous era of DNA anxiety, that restrictions on potentially rewarding research are justifiable only if there is robust evidence of likely harm.Commenting on the 1970s War on Cancer, he warns that effective leadership of publicly funded research initiatives, such as the current search for an AIDS vaccine, demands the co urage to support promising but risky new ideas and prune away anything less than the best. And as the first Director of the Human Genome Project, now approaching its climax, he acknowledges the past evils of eugenics but argues fiercely for the need to balance potential misuses of genetic data with the overwhelming benefits of a rational attack on the roots of disease.In an essay on cancer research and the â€Å"war on cancer,† Watson tells us that to win wars one must know the enemy and the location of the battlefield. When Richard Nixon declared a war on cancer, this information was not yet available. The discovery and elucidation of the action of oncogenes and of cancer viruses were pivotal for understanding the terrain, planning the strategy, and pursuing the war. Watson provides numerous examples to stress the necessity of research in the basic sciences for developing successful therapies against cancer.

Is Capitalism a fundamentally Western concept or system, and if so, Essay

Is Capitalism a fundamentally Western concept or system, and if so, how can we account for its spread and entrenchment in non-Western areas of the world - Essay Example The development of industrialization in West is also considered as the organic growth of the capitalist thoughts and philosophy as capitalism presented an alternative channel of achieving social good in a more comprehensive manner. The pace of industrialization therefore was considered as the epitome of capitalist society and as such the domain of social and economic development achieved its highest status under the development of capitalism in Western countries. What is however, also critical to note that capitalism does not only restricted itself to the Western countries and as such it spread across the non- Western countries also. Since 19th Century, the process of colonialism as well as well as rapid rise of imperialization as well as globalization ensured the rapid spread of capitalism in non-Western countries also. What started as a purely Western Phenomenon therefore soon emerged in non- Western countries too due to various factors. Capitalism rose as a result of the rise in industrialization in 18th century which witnessed the British society turning from a feudal society to more capitalist society. Capitalism in its essence advocates the use of private property rights and indicates that in a society, means of production shall be privately owned for the best possible use. As such capitalism is not only an economic system but it also a social system which regulates the society in an entirely different manner. The basic elements of capitalism therefore include private ownership of the means of production, exchange of goods and services in the market for the sake of profits as well as determination of prices and wages by the market forces is basically constitute the main ingredients of the capitalism.(Morton,2005) What is however, critical to note that capitalism started in Western countries as a result of rapid achievement of technological sophistication and industrialization however, it also

Human Service Program and profession Unit 2 Project Research Paper

Human Service Program and profession Unit 2 Project - Research Paper Example The requirements of a senior consultant job are: four years of relevant consulting or a public sector state government consulting experience. The importance of experience is to ensure that each client gets professional strategic advice on the best possible way to conquer their tests and meet their target as the consultant fully understands the client’s needs. The senior consultant will be required to have two years exposure to leading teams. This ensures that the consultant is familiar with this field of work. The consultant should be willing to travel at almost any time. This ensures availability and flexibility of the consultant to the client’s needs. Consultant will also be needed to have 2 years experience in business mapping, design and process analysis. This is because each client has their own unique demands and therefore the consultant should be creative enough to suit the client’s needs. The last requirement will be 2 years of performing conceptual and t echnical designs. Familiarity of the senior consultant to these designs will enable clients to get professional help. My other job is titled Integrated Eligibility (Health and Human Services) Manager. This job entails the manager leading and delivering the clients engagements which identify, design, and apply creative technology and business solutions for bigger companies. The requirements of being a manager are: at least 6 years industry and consulting experience. This is to ensure that the managers posses proper problem solving skills and have the capacity to make mature judgments. Good written and oral communication skills and presentation skills are also needed. This is because they will be required to participate in information activities and research proposal activities. A Bachelor’s Degree in public policy will be needed. This is to ensure there is the application of quality standards in project delivery artifacts. Managers

Criminal Justice 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Criminal Justice 1 - Essay Example A delicate balancing act of this high speed pursuit is necessary because a lot is usually at stake. On one hand is the police wanting to prevent fleeing criminals from the authority and from facing their criminal charges and on the other hand is the fact that these high speed chases put many individuals at risk as mentioned earlier (Stevens, 2011). Police teach people to be law abiding and face up to their crimes but not flee from the law. This therefore necessitates them to engage fleeing criminals in high speed vehicular pursuits. Failure to engage them may lead to other fleeing criminals following suit and fleeing in high speed after committing crimes because they know the police will not pursue them. This will decrease the apprehension rate while at the same time encouraging more criminal activities that end up in the criminals fleeing at high speed from the crime scene and maybe even from the country. The other balance needed is to ensure that innocent citizens that are caught up in this vehicular pursuit are not in any way harmed. This also includes ensuring safety measures for those police officers involved directly in the high speed pursuit. Some of the measures the police have to put are preventative by educating the public about the potential risks of being caught up in such a pursuit and what they are expected to do immediately they realize that such a pursuit is ongoing. This may however not prove to be easy because most people do not realize about the high-speed chase until it is too late for them to prevent accidents and even shoot-outs from the criminals or the police. Some people also do not seem to think that this involves them or is their problem in any way and hence put themselves and others at risk (Peak, 2012). The cost of the pursuit is also an issue of debate in the balancing act. The costs involved include the traffic that will snarl up as a result of the chase and

Human Papilloma Virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Papilloma Virus - Essay Example This paper critically reviews recent concepts in genital HPV linked to diseases, disease prevention, viral prevention, viral testing, and treatment. Health Canada goals and strategies for the control of human papillomavirus infection are represented (Rodriquez 2010). Periodic respiratory papillomatosis is chiefly a disease of children in whom several papillomas arise in the upper aerodigestive tract, involving the larynx and vocal cords. The papillomas collectively instigates thwarting papillomas might amount to respiratory suffering. Both high and low risk HPV-DNA series have been established in the papillomas. Although the viruses linked to the respiratory papillomatosis are not contacted through sexual intercourse, they are nonetheless most likely genital in origin, contacted during labor. Anogenital human papillomaviruses infection are chiefly transmitted through sexual intercourse, though in smaller cases there seems to be further, or optional, paths of transmission. Some crucia l proof asserts that rare cervical and penile infections may be contacted during labor through exposure to HPV extant in the maternal birth canal or external warts. A lot of concern has been placed on papillomatosis that is assumed to be contacted in this way. However, some peripheral anogenital warts may be contacted during labor as well (Brotzman & Julian 2006). 2. ... This paper critically analyses current HPV concepts and control issues including epidemiology, prevention, testing and burden of infection. Objectives of HPV control in Canada include establishing and evaluating the prevalence of HPV infection diminishing situations of HPV linked diseases, and promoting HPV targeted rudimentary science and clinical research. The advancement of vaccines is optimistic that the prevention of transmission and acquisition of the viral STD. There is a wide range of human papillomaviruses, which are over seventy types, and of these, over twenty infect mucosal tissue and can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Human papillomaviruses are connected to the pathogenesis of cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the second most collective cause of cancer and cancer fatalities in women worldwide. Recent research shows that there is prevalent 80 percent of cases happening mostly in the developing world. Aggressive squamous cervical cancer is heralded by pren eoplastic lesions that can be established on Papanicolou (Pap) smear and consequently treated. The goal of screening for these precursor lesions has been linked to 90 percent reduction of cervical cases in some Western countries. Conceivably, over twenty types of this cancer linked types of HPV have been established; the most collective are types 16 and 18(Apple et al., 2005). These viruses are capable of integrating into the human genome, and by a range of mechanisms and mutations, including viral protein production and binding of human suppressor and retinoblastoma proteins, amount to unregulated mutations, and ultimately to malignant changes. Further, Oncogenic human papillomaviruses series have been established in the instantaneous

Migration from Dominican Republic to Puerto Rico in the 80's Essay

Migration from Dominican Republic to Puerto Rico in the 80's - Essay Example The journey of the Dominican Republic was not an easy one but the fact remains that they were able to reach their destination using some boats by the name â€Å"Yolas†. This essay aims to discuss the Dominican Republics migration to Puerto Rico in the 80’s. (Ferguson and James) To start with, history has it that there is a close link between Dominican Republic and the Puerto Rico since the pre-Columbian times. This happened when the Arawak people who originated from the Amazon basin of South America came and settled in both territories. The fifteenth and the sixteenth century mark the starting point of the problems in the Dominican Republic when Spain conquered Dominican Republic as well as the Puerto Rico. Spain remained in control until the 19th century and during this time there was a gradual constant flow of people in both directions. The bureaucrats, soldiers, clerics, professionals, students, artisans and slaves were flowing to both directions. Precisely, there we re many exiles that moved from the Hispaniola Island of Puerto Rico in 19th century; this was due to political upheavals. (Falcon and Douglas) The political upheavals comprises of Spain cession of the Island to France, Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo and the Haitian Revolution of the 1804’s. ... a result of development swift when the Dominican sugar industry moved to the eastern province of San Pedro de Macoris, La Romana and Puerto Plata which attracted so many interested workers form the Caribbean island as well as Puerto Rico. (Bulmer) From this time the historians continued to document the growing number of the people from Puerto Rico in the Dominican Republic and especially in the 20th century. For instance the census done in Dominican showed that there were six thousand and d sixty nine Puerto Ricans living in the Dominican Republic. The religious affinities, linguistic and cultural likeness made the Dominicans and the Puerto Ricans to intermarry which made their second generation not to term themselves as the Puerto Rican but Dominican. However, the period between 1930 and the 1960 had a very minute number of Puerto Ricans migrating to the Dominican Republic and very few Dominicans migrated to Puerto Rico. In 1940 there was a drastic stop of Puerto Rican to the Domini can Republic. Similarly, there was a strict control coming from the Trujillo regime which made it very hard for the Dominicans to travel and only professionals, entrepreneurs and political exiles were able to move and settle in Puerto Rico. Nevertheless, after the death of Trujillo in 1961, there was a large-scale migration from the Dominican Republic to the Puerto Rico. Research shows that there was a dramatic growth of the Dominican population in Puerto Rico. (Moya and pons) There were two major factors that contributed to the migration of the Dominican Republic especially in the 80s. These comprises of political and economic factors. Firstly, the political factors largely contributed to the Dominicans migration. (Ferguson and James) For example, the earliest migrates were linked to the

Leadership Behavioral Attributes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Behavioral Attributes - Essay Example Empathy: Change agents should have a highly empathic personality trait as this traits serves to aid them in better understanding the feelings of the individuals that they interact with. Empathy in turn results in improved understanding and communication between the change champion and these organizational members. Patience and Persistence: According to Lunenburg (2010), it is important to note that complete change processes do not often tend to occur overnight. Change champions should cultivate the trait of being highly patient and persistent. If change champions fail to have this important trait, they will tend to get frustrated at the change not taking place fast enough which might result in a reduction of their leadership capacities. Knowledgeable: Change champions should be highly knowledgeable and have the desirable attribute of often leading by example. For leaders to be able to create some change, it is important that they not only be able to clearly articulate exactly what the change will look like, but also be able to lead by example and demonstrate exactly how they wish for this change to be like. Change champions should ensure that they do not lose touch with the important actually that might be happening on the ground so as for them to be in a position to better influence change in a position that will yield the best possible results (Lunenburg, 2010). The role of being a change champion is widely perceived to be one of the key roles expected of leaders in today’s increasingly competitive global environment. For leaders to become more accomplished in this crucial role, they must ensure that they constantly demonstrate a high degree of confidence in a given vision as well as the necessary passion to see this vision through. These leaders need to actively practice inclusive leadership through which they demonstrate a general willingness to actively engage a number of diverse constituent groups. Merely having a vision

The Monetary Union and UKs Defiance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Monetary Union and UKs Defiance - Essay Example The free movement of goods, services, capital and labour which resulted from the Single Market Programme meant that the member state would be constrained from imposing increases in taxes and regulation which would surely reduce benefits due to increase domestic production costs. To facilitate further trade, the European Union embarked on a venture of establishing a single currency for its members. The result of the EU monetary union was the euro. This currency is currently used by Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Monaco, San Marino while the Vatican City are licensed to issue and use the euro (UK DTI). It would be the interest of this paper to explore whether this move by UK affected its foreign direct investments economy due to its refraining from a supposedly beneficial single currency. It will also delve, to a limited degree, in the effects of EU enlargement in the UK's FDI. Business Aversion: The Case for Toyota and Nissan In the year 2000, the United Kingdom was threatened with pullouts from major industry players. Industrialists, one after the other, have warned that unless the UK joins Euroland, they will be forced to move their operations out of the country. One of the most prominent of this pro-Euro group is the Nissan Motor Company (UK) which manufactures automobiles from its plant in Sunderland. In April 2000, John Cushnaghan, managing director of Nissan (UK) announced that the high value of the pound was imposing an "unsupportable burden" brought about by exchange rates fluctuations. By May of the same year, the company claimed the strength of the Sterling against the Euro necessitated the need to cut costs by 30 percent. This loss, according to them, could force the company to transfer the production of the next generation of the Micra to be built in French and Spanish Factories transferring a 150 million investment (North, 2005). Another case would be that of the Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) LTD which required its British suppliers to use euro for its financial transactions with the company. The move was brought about by the 1999 operating loss in British operations (BBC, 2000). The requirement, Toyota claims, would reduce the risk to the company that it could lose money when converting euros to sterling in order to pay British suppliers (CNN, 2000). Toyota (UK) has a passenger car plant in Derbyshire producing Avensis and Corolla with an initial investment of 1.1billion. It also has an Engine Plant in North Wales with an initial investment of 400m. (Toyota Online, 2006) Toyota has also expressed its propensity to shop around in euro-friendly countries for cheaper goods if the pound remained high. Yoshio Ishizaka, a senior managing director for Toyota, said his

European Imperialism and its Impact on Africa and Asia Essay Example for Free

European Imperialism and its Impact on Africa and Asia Essay European imperialism in Africa and Asia developed as a result of certain motivations which seemed to fit the prevailing world view following the Napoleonic wars.   Economic interests (ie, global expansion of domestic markets), maintaining the safety of trade routes, keeping colonies free from foreign influence and threats, national prestige in maintaining colonies, and finally, living up to a moral duty and the missionary and evangelical movements were all motivations given by European governments to justify its interference into Africa and Asia. As Europe became more crowded, as continental empires declined, and a more current world view came into focus, the Europe’s powers were motivated to find a replacement system that would best preserve their respective positions as a world economic, military and moral leader. Great Britain took the lead in establishing systematic imperial possessions in African and Asia.   Power, prestige and economic interests lay at the heart of building Britain’s empire.   The reason was simple, a vast global economy with Britain at the hub was sure to ensure the economic health and vitality of the British (Hyam 1).   Forging a permanent presence in India, China and Africa were vital to this cause (Brown 199-200).   Britain’s ‘Grand Design,’ which sought to enhance Britain’s power through the expansion of informal empire, was the name of the policy attributed to Prime Minister Palmerston in the 1850s and ‘60s (Hyam 86). As the British empire began to decline towards the end of the 19th century, other countries, like Germany, the Netherlands and France opted to partition Africa and Asia, creating pieces of the pie sufficient to sate everyone’s appetite from the 1880’s through the onset of World War I. Imperialism had a positive and negative impact on the European nations.   Though trade and prestige were greatly increased, eventually, competition developed for the more lucrative portions of the colonized East.   This led to showdowns between western powers on African and Asian territory.   The British and the Russians fought the Crimean War in the 1850s (Brown 197) and the British and the French nearly had an armed along the Nile at Fashoda in 1898 (Steele 328).   The notion of any of these nations being at odds with all of the others, led the nations to seek alliances amongst themselves (and Russia and Japan), which was a major reason for the start of World War I (Hyam 271). The impact on the African and Asian nations was far more negative than positive.   China suffered the humiliation of Opium wars, during which the British forcefully created a domestic opium market in China to finance its own trade (Brown 205) and the Boers of South Africa were colonized for hundreds of years by the Dutch and the subject of Atrocities by the British during the Second Boer war from 1899-1902 (Steele 360).   To an extent, the imperialists did improve the infrastructure (by way of railroads and ports), but on the whole, the Europeans ruled the colonized peoples of Africa and Asia a sense of racial superiority and propensity to violently subdue any native unrest.   Another negative impact was the ubiquitous slave trade, especially during the first half of the 19th century. The African and Asian continents were collected, traded and bandied about between the powers of Western Europe as if they were common commodities.   When the colonies had lost their utility, often times the European imperialist would pack their bags and leave, without regard to the state of the people or land they were leaving behind.   Despite the legitimate motivations (such as expanding trade) and self-serving justifications (such as Christian missions) used by the Europeans at the time, the impact of imperialism is still felt by peoples indigenous to these lands today.   Based on all of the above, it is safe to conclude that European imperialism on the whole had a negative impact on the Africa and Asia.

Executions be replaced by life without parole Essay Example for Free

Executions be replaced by life without parole Essay In criminal law, life sentence or life without parole means putting to jail somebody for the rest of his/her life for the crimes committed whereas death sentence means executing those criminals who are found guilty of committing some very serious crimes like murder, attempted coup or raping. Myself I am not an advocate of capital sentence but I support life sentence. Life without parole is also known as determinate life sentence. It means being sentenced to life imprisonment without any possibility of being released in future. American government spends a lot of money by executing criminals than it spends in giving life sentence. For this reason and others I think executions in America should be replaced by life without parole. Execution in Texas is not something new. In 1980 there were two men who were alleged to have killed a clerk somewhere, both of them fired shots at the clerk but it is not clear who exactly killed the clerk though both of them admitted to have fired at the clerk. To the corridors of justice it did not matter whether it was one of them or both who killed so long as they agreed to have fired and killed the clerk. One of these men was called Mr. Nicholas he was twenty years old when he was arrested but was executed when he was forty five years old. In this case, I don’t think justice was done. This is a good example of many cases where justice is not allowed to take its course. The state should have tried to establish who between the two killed the clerk. In a case like this one a person who is innocent can be killed and he is not given a chance to argue his case. Therefore on this basis I condemn execution of prisoners instead, they should be given life sentence. This is the only practical thing and reasonable method whereby the offenders can be given time to reassess themselves. Again they continue living though they are not necessarily free. About half of the total criminals who are executed in America come from Texas. It has the highest number of executions in America. It contravenes one of the Ten Commandments that Moses was given by God In the past, capital sentence was highly valued but of late it is not. In fact many states in USA have abolished it. In the past decades the argument was that capital sentence deters crime, it was a religious conviction or what is called the Law of Moses an ‘eye for an eye’ or ‘tooth for a tooth’. It was also thought that the states were spending huge sums of money feeding, clothing and providing healthcare for murderers, rapists and other dangerous criminals. This seemed to be silly and outrageous but now the argument has changed. In fact the former supporters of capital sentence are now singing a different tune. Today, the argument is that USA is finding it very expensive to execute criminals than to jail them for life. Surely, this is something that any sensible person should see. All states should awake to the fact that USA is wasting a lot of money in executing criminals instead of using this money on development projects that can benefit all. For example in North Carolina (Gold R. 2002; 89) about two million dollars are spent on effecting execution. When you compare capital sentence and life sentence, a person sentenced for life only needs to be fed, clothed, treated and guarded. Therefore it is cheaper to life imprison than to execute. The reasons why capital sentence should be abolished are that, the death row convicts spend a lot of money trying to fight for their freedom. They must hire lawyers who charge them exorbitantly so that they could argue about their fate, the process of appealing has become more protracted. Like in the case mentioned above, the convict spent about 25 years in jail before his life was terminated. Justice delayed is justice denied. The state spent alot of money to keep him than it could have spent if he was jailed for life. The reason why the execution process is long is that an innocent person may sometimes be executed. Therefore a lot of time is taken to dig in for finer details that could prove beyond reasonable doubts that the person alleged to have committed the crime really did it. According to the governor of Maryland his country spent 22. 4 million US dollars to execute death penalties. This money could have been used to pay at least 500 extra policemen a year or provide drugs for treating 10,000 drug addicts. He said when this money is used on other projects that are useful apart from executing law breakers, it becomes an investment that save lives and reduce violent crimes (www. Amnestyusa. Org;/Abolish) Most of the methods used to carry out death penalties should be abolished for they contravene human rights. A person is subjected to a very nasty experience that even the executors could not like to imagine themselves in. For example in lethal injections, a person is subjected to excruciating pain. The poison is injected to the criminal. It contains pancoronium bromide for killing his nerves and potassium chloride which is used to stop the heart beat. Sometimes the dose injected might not be enough or not well mixed. In such a case the victim takes longer than it should to die. The prisoner dies in intense pain from asphyxiation. For example there was a case in Florida whereby the executor missed to inject the drug in a vein and put it in the muscle. The victim died after 34th minute. During this period the victim writhed, grimaced and groaned suggesting that he was in pain. Another instance that shows that capital sentence violates human rights is of Saddam Hussein; the former president of Iraq. He was executed on 30th December 2006 during his execution, when the platform dropped, Saddam’s neck was broken and it could be heard at a distance that indeed his neck was broken. His body was left suspended on the noose for a few minutes before it was confirmed by the doctor that he was dead. The actual pictures were posted on the internet are horrific. The crimes he committed could not be compensated by his life plus the amount of money that was spent since his search begun trial and execution. According to (Baicker K. 2001; 12-27) more than 100 billion US dollars were spent. All this money was spent just because of one person. His trial was complicated and protracted. The much that was spent on his trial was more than what could have been used to keep him alive for the rest of life or be used to take care of other prisoners. Another reason why I am an ardent supporter of life sentence over capital sentence is that the criminals who are executed are like any other citizens who contribute to the economic. They play vital role in the economy. Some of them are even businessmen, doctors, teachers etc. The part they played could not be played by another person. So when a person is executed, the nation at large goes at a loss. These people could be taken to prison hospitals, schools and other businesses to offer their services there until they die and these people are not paid so, it is like killing two birds with one stone. States should also know that most of these criminals who are executed, some of them are highly educated and have different professions. The state has used a lot of its resources in educating them. Thus instead of taking all this money to waste, it should take advantage of their education by reaping some benefits from it instead of incurring a double loss. That is by trying and executing somebody whom the state has invested its resources on. Governments should reconsider their decision on capital sentence by trying to look this issue from an economist stand point. While still on this topic, I think USA should look and analyze capital sentence from an economic perspective. For example when a criminal who is the sole breadwinner is executed, his/her family lands in a sea of troubles. A family that was capable of providing itself with food starts depending on the government to provide to it everything that it needs. This becomes a burden to the government because it has to increase its budgetary allocation on the orphans funds and other unfortunate members of the society. Currently, US government spends les on poor families. I think it is because of many reasons abolition of capital sentence included. I think if it could be used as in the past decades, this cost would amazingly go up In California (Maganini S. 1988; 750-902) death penalty spends 114 million US dollars which is more than what is spent on life sentence. In executions according to the 2005 Los Angeles times study, California tax payers part with more than 250 US million dollars to finance a single execution. This government spends 11. million dollars on appointed counsel for those convicts who are in the death row and 12 million US dollars are spent by the federal government on defending death row convicts who are presented to federal courts. In 2005 according to the governor of California (Los Angeles Times) he needed 230 million US dollars to construct a new death row. In Kansas it was estimated that in 2003, its government used 70% more than the cost of executing other non-death penal ties. With all facts and figures put on the table, I do not think there is any person who can still argue for the continuity of death penalty. It is costly, unfair and inconsequential.

Sexual Misconduct Teachers

Sexual Misconduct Teachers What is Wrong with our Teachers: An Interdisciplinary Approach to solving the Problem of Educator Sexual Misconduct Introduction Educator Sexual Misconduct (ESM) is becoming more and more of a problem in our society to date. Occurrences are happening at an accelerated rate when compared to twenty years ago. To date there are no preventative measures in place to intercept these potentially harmful individuals who are on their way to becoming teachers in charge of our children. A new nationwide process that will research, evaluate, and forecast these types of criminal behaviors associated with ESM is whats needed today in order to avoid this problem in the future. In addition, legislature could step in and create a more stringent penalty structure for both male and female violators. The school is a place for learning and although a clichà ©, that is where our future lies. Because of that, we need to protect and nurture that environment and not let potential pedophiles roam freely to disrupt that environment. Educator sexual misconduct is not a new problem by any means, but a topic that has jumped onto the scene and wont go away without special attention. Just talking about it wont help or even lessen the problem. Sexual predators are a brash group and just telling them you know theyre there and that you are looking for them wont deter them from their prey. Sexual predators come in many packages. Sexual predators could be male, female, old, young, gay, lesbian, or even bisexual. Considering that, every child who at one point in time goes through the education system is at risk of becoming a target of these predators. The actual victim could be school aged child, a mom, a dad, a spouse, girlfriend, boyfriend, or a friend. This type of perversion can potentially touch any individual person at any time and last for a lifetime. Since this is an event that could potentially tough every person who ever goes through the school system then why shouldnt we put more emphasis on making sure this doesnt happen. ESM is a wide spread problem that need to be attacked from many different sides. To solve this problem we will need to pull expertise from numerous disciplinary perspectives to reach and expert understanding. Educator sexual misconduct cannot be solved just by one topic alone. Many disciplines are needed to understand the problem, the children involved, and the context in which these events typically occur in. Specifically, one should understand the psychology of the predator as well as the prey, have a sound understanding of the educational system, criminal law, as well as the skill to comb through mountains of statistical data. (Dr Repkos text must be cited but not quoted here) In examination of this problem a view from multiple disciplines is necessary in order to reach a complete understanding of the issue at hand. The disciplines needed to understand this topic are criminal justice, political science, psychology, and statistics. Specifically, we need to know how an ESM event will affect the development of a child and what problems they will face in the future. It is also necessary to look at the problem from a political science viewpoint in order to understand what legislature could, will, wont, and cant do about the problem. A criminal justice viewpoint will allow for a better understanding of how these perpetrators are currently being punished and what adjustments need to be made to in the penal system to get them to not commit these acts. To what I have learned about epistemology is that the question asks you how you learned the event in question. So, for the epistemology for this paper, there was a primary focus on analysis off scholarly research, interpretation of previous mentioned scholarly articles, examination f recent laws court decisions, and policy when it come to prevention and punishment of these acts. Statistics is a process of gathering, arranging, summarizing, and presenting data in a simple yet informative way (Keller 2006). Statistics will be implemented to show that these events are on the rise when compared to twenty years ago. Psychology targets the academic study of mental process and behavior (Plotnik Kouyoumdjian 2007)). Psychology will be utilized to highlight the long term damage that these predators inflict on their victims. It will also show the difficulty these victims face in relation to recovery from the behavioral, developmental, and social disorders associated with ESM. Criminal Justice, which is the system of law and penalties used to maintain order, social control, and to deter and control crime (Siegel Senna 2008)). This discipline will reflect societies current trend when attempting to punish and deter these criminals. Political Science will be the last disciplines and one of the most important. It is in this discipline that the power for reaching a complete resolution for this problem. Political science itself is a social science that is concerned with theory, analysis, and prediction of political behavior (Jackson Jackson 1996). In this case, we will focus on legislature, policy makers, and administrators who have the power to change laws and implement policies to make future violations of these adolescents nearly impossible. This paper is based on careful research of scholarly articles, state laws, recent court decision and administrative decisions and policies of government run school systems. Together these sources will allow for a deeper understanding of complex and growing problem in our school systems. The purpose of this paper is to show that that there is a growing problem in the school system. In the end it should be clear that there is a need or a new process that will multi faceted process to screen potential teachers who fit the profile of ESM, provide harsher punishment for offenders, and a process to help identify personality types of students who are at higher risks of becoming targets. ESM to date is one of the most feared and devastating problems for any school district. So why not attack your most feared enemy with your most powerful weapons available? Background 9.6 percent of all students in grades 8 to 11 report contact and/or non-contact educator sexual misconduct that was unwanted. While this definition includes many different kinds and degrees of ESM they are all considered unwanted and serious in nature. Using this data, for every 2,000 student in a high school, 192 students will experience some degree of ESM. Take for instance a student that goes to a 5A school in Texas. The data shows that they will have a 9.6% chance of being one of those 192 students and an even greater chance of knowing or being friends with one of the 192 students. Now take the total US population and apply it to our topic. Out of 303 million people 29,088,000 million will, or have personally experienced some sort of ESM. That number grows substantially when associated with people who are mildly affected by ESM. It isnt clear when exactly this problem began to spiral out of control, but it is clear that it is a recent trend. In this case, straight comparisons to past numbers wouldnt be accurate because of major population growth. But comparisons or percentages do show a growth in this trend that is began to accelerate its growth in the last fifteen years. Although there has never been a time when ESM did not exist, there was a long period where it was an incredibly rare occurrence and violators were treated severely. Now, most violators arent scared off by the punishment or believe that the system wont catch them. Those that think the system wont catch them are right. To become a teacher you must only be able to pass a background check. Being a person who has gone through that process I know it is not a very thorough one. I dont have a criminal record or anything but I do have an unreasonably high amount of traffic violation on my driving record. However, the school asked me if I would like to get a bus certification since my driving record appeared clean and I would need it for coaching. If that is typical of the care these administrators take in clearing an individuals past driving record then you must ask how bad could a persons criminal record be and still be allowed to teach? Besides fingerprinting and criminal background checks there isnt much else schools are doing to prevent these predators from entering the schools. Some districts are starting to catch on and requiring additional references to include ones personal life in the application process but that is all. There still is no psychological examination, personality screening, extensive research, or a full criminal background check. Some might say that is an invasion of ones privacy but remember that this is voluntary and these teachers have chosen to be around children. When one chooses to help children they need to also extend that aid in helping safeguard them, if that means surrendering so more intrusive examination during the interviewing process than thats what has to be done. To date there is not enough attention given to the seriousness of t he problem. If a person went out today and began their research to see the extent of the problem they would find; cases involving male teachers and female students at an all time high, court cases involving women educators that receive a favorable judgment often times not including jail time, and an environment in which student dont know of or arent concerned with the dangers. One town epidomises the mindset around the nation. This town, their policymakers, and their citizens thought they were not at risk and couldnt be touched by this epidemic. That was the sentiment in Spring, Texas which is now on their third case in the past two years. When asked, city officials responded with, â€Å"When it happens to you and your school district, it certainly increases your awareness† (Radcliffe 2008). That answer is not sufficient though. A better question would be what is being done now that you realize you need to change, or what are you going to change from two years ago, and why did you miss this? According to a draft report commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education, in compliance with the 2002 No Child Left Behind act signed into law by President Bush, between 6 percent and 10 percent of public school children across the country have been sexually abused or harassed by school employees and teachers. Here are some excerpts from the study: In the state of New York alone, more than $18.7 million was paid between 1996 and 2001 to students who were sexually abused by educators. Fees for attorneys and investigators are in addition to the settlement amounts. None of the abusers was reported to authorities ** Only 1 percent lost their license to teach ** Only 35 percent of abusers received a negative consequence for their actions: 15 percent were terminated or, if not tenured, they were not rehired; and 20 percent received a formal reprimand or suspension. ** Another 25 percent received no consequence or were reprimanded informally and off-the-record. Nearly 39 percent chose to leave the district, most with positive recommendations or even retirement packages intact. There are many reasons for why teenagers dont see the danger in a relationship with their teacher but I believe the media is the reason for not communicating the problem in a correct manner. Recently in â€Å"Boston Public†, a recently cancelled primetime show thats set in an inner city high school, a female student engages in a sexual relationship with a male teacher and is seen as being a ‘cool for having the relationship, and the teacher carries on the relationship because he is given the chance to resign and isnt even prosecuted. Another episode has a young female student who falls in love with her teacher and initiates contact with him. She then uses that event to blackmail him many times before he turns himself in. Once again, ESM is a complex, ongoing, and disturbing problem in the U.S. and deserves a careful examination. To do so requires and interdisciplinary approach that will allow input from the various topics and academic disciplines that this problem exists in. To better describe how this process will work you should take the complete opposite of â€Å"ceterus parabus† which is the theme for economics. It basically states that economics will study the effects on supply from one perspective or event at a time. Here, we will need more than one perspective to examine our topic or we will fail to completely understand the problem and not see the solution. While all steps in the interdisciplinary process are important, without integration you cannot develop, combine and produce a new deeper understanding to the problem. In this case the interdisciplinary approach will allow for a further breakdown of the problem itself. It will allow for perspectives from psychology, political science , math, and criminal justice. When you individually attack the many different and complex aspects of this topic, you will then be able to synthesize this knowledge and come out with a â€Å"new whole† (Repko 2005). Disciplinary Perspectives and Insights Integration Conclusion References Criminal Justice Siegel, Larry J Senna, Joseph J. (2008) Introduction to criminal justice (11th ed.). New York: Thomson Wadsworth. Political Science Jackson, Robert J. Jackson, Doreen (1996). A comparative Introduction to Political Science. New York: Prentice Hall. Robins, Sydney L. (2000). Protecting Our Students. Ontario, Canada: Ontario Ministryof the Attorney General. Robins, Sydney L. (1998). Protecting our students: A review to identify and prevent sexual misconduct in Ontario schools. Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General, Toronto. Additional Sources Psychology Corbett, K., Gentry, C., and Pearson, W., Jr. (1993). Sexual harassment in high school. Youth and Society. Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 93-103. P Flemming J. (1997). Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in a community sample of Australian women. Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 166, pp65-68. P Freel, M. (2003). Child sexual abuse and the male monopoly: An empirical exploration of gender and a sexual interest in children. The BritishJournal ofSocial Work. No. 33, pp 481-498. P Plotnik, Rod Kouyoumdjian, Haig. (2008). Introduction to Psychology (8th ed.). NewYork: Thomson Wadsworth. Statistics Keller, S (2006). Statistics for management and economics (7th ed.). New York: Thomson South-Western. Additional Sources American Association of University Women (2001). Hostile Hallways, Washington,D.C.: AAUW Educational Foundation Corbett, K., Gentry, C., and Pearson, W., Jr. (1993). Sexual harassment in high school. Youth and Society. Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 93-103. Flemming J. (1997). Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in a community sample of Australian women. Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 166, pp65-68. Freel, M. (2003). Child sexual abuse and the male monopoly: An empiricalexploration of gender and a sexual interest in children. The BritishJournal of Social Work. No. 33, pp 481-498. Repko, A. (2005). Interdisciplinary practice: A student guide to research and writing (Preliminary ed.). Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing. Robbins, D. (2001, April 22). Out of bounds: Sexual misconduct by educators in Texas. Chronicle investigation reveals relationship of coaches and students rife with abuse. Houston Chronicle.com Available online: http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/printstory.hts/special/coaches/884307. Robbins, D. (2001, April 22). We trust our kids to them every day. But a Chronicle investigation reveals the relationship between secondary school coaches and students is rife with abuse. Out of bounds. The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 22, 2007 from Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe database. Robins, Sydney L. (2000). Protecting Our Students. Ontario, Canada: Ontario Ministryof the Attorney General. Robins, Sydney L. (1998). Protecting our students: A review to identify and prevent sexual misconduct in Ontario schools. Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General, Toronto. Shakeshaft, C., and Cohan, A. (1994). In loco parentis: Sexual abuse of students in schools. What administrators should know. Report to the U.S. Department of Education, Field Initiated Grants. Shakeshaft, C. (2003, Spring). Educator Sexual Abuse. Hofstra Horizons, pp. 10-13. Shakeshaft, C., Cohan, A. (1994). In loco parentis: Sexual abuse of students in schools. What administrators should know. Report to the U.S. Department of Education, Field Initiated Grants. Shakeshaft, C. (2003, Spring). Educator Sexual Abuse. Hofstra Horizons, pp. 10-13. Appendices Glossary Contact or Non Contact Abuse:

Past, Present, and Future: An Examination of the Hood and Historical Fi

Society has always been influential to fads that are displaced throughout media; the public witnesses a direct mirror of themselves and current culture portrayed on movie screens, musical lyrics, and televisions scripts. During the 1990s, African-American filmmakers depicted stereotypical black youth and culture in films such as Do the Right Thing (1989) and Menace II Society (1993), otherwise known as the â€Å"hood† films. However, as much to the popularity and success of the hood films, there was great opposition to it. Historical movies like Daughters of the Dust (1991) and Devil in a Blue Dress (1995) were created to argue against hood films to portray a different African-American community that is not racialized. I am going to compare and contrast both the hood and historical films Edward Guerrero and Paula Massood both believed that the hood film was created for the benefit of portraying reality in African-American communities. Yet, Mark Berrettini, Joel Brouwer, Roger Berger, and Marilyn Wesley argue that the hood films are counterfactual to society and historical films are necessary to show a positive African-American culture. Mirroring the anger and frustration of the African-American community of the 1960s-1970s, 1990s black filmmakers created the hood film. Like the Blaxploitation era, the film industry noted an increase in moviegoers and films to watch hood films. Both 1960s and 1990s, African-Americans were frustrated with their political and economic conditions in urban environments and addressed their anger towards making movies (Guerrero 159). It became Hollywood’s strategy to create an answer to black frustration with movies that illustrated social pressure in the ghetto (Guerrero 158). Hollywood also portrayed the ... ...he black population. Paula Massood and Edward Guerrero believed that hood films were essential to illustrate the social frustration of young African-American communities within urban communities. Although youth of color were criminalized and violent, it illustrated a hard truth for the greater society emphasizing the need for social and economic help in impoverish environments. On the other hand, Mark Berrettini, Joel Brouwer, Roger Berger, and Marilyn Wesley argue that historical films represented a community that was lost to the hood films; an African-American community that is resilient and spirited during times of slavery and racial inequality. Historical films are genuine for African-American communities because they displayed a positive outlook of their culture. Ultimately, both the hood and historical films are realistic to the African-American communities.

Highwaymen of the Superhighway Essay -- Media

The internet is an unregulated and chaotic environment that is only loosely governed by social norms that have been established by the more well-respected users leading the rest over many years. The anonymity of these billions of users allows them to break these rules and conventions with little risk of negative consequence. One of the biggest problems that stems from this is the pirating of media. Internet pirates will make media such as movies, television shows, and music available on websites such as The Pirate Bay, where users can download this content this free. This system takes money away from creators and designers and gives it to the advertisers on pirating websites. There are two reasons that people pirate media: either the content they want is too expensive, or more likely, the content they want is unavailable or too hard to obtain. Often pirating is not a malicious act, but simply an easy way for users to gain access to things that Hollywood has made difficult to acquire. An example of this being the popular HBO series, â€Å"Game of Thrones.† For a long time, fans of this show were unable to buy the show’s first season because it was not on popular paid services including Netflix, iTunes, and Amazon. However, the first season was available to be downloaded for free on multiple pirating websites. Situations like this have created millions of pirates, accounting for billions of illegal downloads a day in music alone (a monstrous 95% of music downloads) (Swash). The problem of pirating is global and the government fears the intervention of foreign websites with malicious intent. The interconnected design of the internet puts all users at risk, even those who do not pirate. Many internet pirates justify their actions with ... ...ir own. With a system like the IDA, the internet can be made into a much safer place for everyone and calm the worries of the media industry. Hopefully the government will be able to regain the trust of the public and pass appropriate legislation that targets the true criminals.  Works Cited Newman, Jared. "SOPA and PIPA: Just the Facts." PCWorld. PCWorld, n.d. Web. 20 May 2012. Null, Christopher. "The 50 Most Important People on the Web." PCWorld. PCWorld, 5 Mar. 2007. Web. 21 May 2012. Potter, Ned. â€Å"SOPA Blackout: Wikipedia, Google, Wired Protest ‘Internet Censorship’† ABC News. ABC News, 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 20 May 2012. "Solutions For Government And The Public Sector." IBM Internet Security Systems. IMB., n.d. Web. 21 May. 2012. Swash, Rosie. "Online piracy: 95% of music downloads are illegal." The Guardian. The Guardian, 16 Jan. 2009. Web. 20 May 2012. Highwaymen of the Superhighway Essay -- Media The internet is an unregulated and chaotic environment that is only loosely governed by social norms that have been established by the more well-respected users leading the rest over many years. The anonymity of these billions of users allows them to break these rules and conventions with little risk of negative consequence. One of the biggest problems that stems from this is the pirating of media. Internet pirates will make media such as movies, television shows, and music available on websites such as The Pirate Bay, where users can download this content this free. This system takes money away from creators and designers and gives it to the advertisers on pirating websites. There are two reasons that people pirate media: either the content they want is too expensive, or more likely, the content they want is unavailable or too hard to obtain. Often pirating is not a malicious act, but simply an easy way for users to gain access to things that Hollywood has made difficult to acquire. An example of this being the popular HBO series, â€Å"Game of Thrones.† For a long time, fans of this show were unable to buy the show’s first season because it was not on popular paid services including Netflix, iTunes, and Amazon. However, the first season was available to be downloaded for free on multiple pirating websites. Situations like this have created millions of pirates, accounting for billions of illegal downloads a day in music alone (a monstrous 95% of music downloads) (Swash). The problem of pirating is global and the government fears the intervention of foreign websites with malicious intent. The interconnected design of the internet puts all users at risk, even those who do not pirate. Many internet pirates justify their actions with ... ...ir own. With a system like the IDA, the internet can be made into a much safer place for everyone and calm the worries of the media industry. Hopefully the government will be able to regain the trust of the public and pass appropriate legislation that targets the true criminals.  Works Cited Newman, Jared. "SOPA and PIPA: Just the Facts." PCWorld. PCWorld, n.d. Web. 20 May 2012. Null, Christopher. "The 50 Most Important People on the Web." PCWorld. PCWorld, 5 Mar. 2007. Web. 21 May 2012. Potter, Ned. â€Å"SOPA Blackout: Wikipedia, Google, Wired Protest ‘Internet Censorship’† ABC News. ABC News, 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 20 May 2012. "Solutions For Government And The Public Sector." IBM Internet Security Systems. IMB., n.d. Web. 21 May. 2012. Swash, Rosie. "Online piracy: 95% of music downloads are illegal." The Guardian. The Guardian, 16 Jan. 2009. Web. 20 May 2012.

First Impressions in Bernard Shaw’s play The Devil’s Disciple Essay

Bernard Shaw’s play â€Å"The Devil’s Disciple† is set in 1777 when the American War of British Independence was at its height. Richard Dudgeon is the main character in this production and he begins as a ‘black sheep’ in a family of self-righteous puritans. Richard has entitled himself â€Å"The Devil’s Disciple†. In the first Act of the play, Richard’s father has died and this starts the reading of his will. During this scene we get a lot of the other characters views on Richard before we meet him. It seems that almost everyone apart from Essie (Richard’s cousin). Everyone finds it hard to talk about him as if it is against the rules, e.g. Judith Anderson says to Essie, â€Å"Dick Dudgeon! Essie: do you wish to be a really respectable and grateful girl, and to make a place for yourself here by steady and good conduct?† †Then you must never mention the name of Richard Dudgeon – never think even about him. He is a bad man†. This suggests that Judith believes even thinking about Richard could mean you were becoming a bad person yourself. However, we find out later that she has never actually met Richard Dudgeon, so is only saying this from what she has heard. Whilst Mrs Dudgeon and Mr Anderson are talking at the very beginning of the scene, Mrs Dudgeon also expresses her view of Richard. She says, â€Å"Let it be a warning to him. He may end that way himself, the wicked, dissolute, godless—â€Å" This shows us that he is even hated by his own mother. From all of the views shown in the early stages of the first act about Richard, we get the impression that he is a terrible person, with no respect or cares for anyone else. Even when we meet Richard, our opinions as an audience don’t change greatly, he shows himself as quite arrogant and sarcastic. How... ... a fool. Judith: Like a hero. I think that Shaw made us change our opinion of Richard in the context of the story that he is telling because it shows us how even the ‘worst’ people among us can change, or that these people are not so bad after all, just covering up their true selves until the time is right. Anderson (whilst talking to the British soldiers) says, â€Å"Sir: it is in the hour of trial that a man finds his true profession. This foolish young man [placing his hand on Richard's shoulder] boasted himself the Devil's Disciple, but when the hour of trial came to him, he found that it was his destiny to suffer and be faithful to the death. I thought myself a decent minister of the gospel of peace, but when the hour of trial came to me, I found that it was my destiny to be a man of action and that my place was amid the thunder of the captains and the shouting.†

Confidentiality and Informed Consent

In the article by Martindale, Chambers, and Thompson, we learn that Informed consent and confidentiality. A person should be informed of their right to confidentiality and the treatment they are consenting to in the therapeutic relationship. This study Is significantly Important because we are shown that there has been not very much previous research done on how well we manage consent, how Informed the patient Is, how honest they are, and what they actually know about the policies of the provider. Professionals in many settings create and utilize very ifferent techniques of informed consent and confidentiality.In professions where professionals constantly see people who are troubled. who see the everlasting devastation of grief, pain, and the disparities of people in situations that they cant change, it can be very taxing and wearing on even the most seasoned professional person, but do we actually communicate well to the patient that they have rights? In the article, we see that so many patients are so desperate to receive care that they Instantly Just â€Å"sign papers† so that the can see the psychologist.If a patient Is that esperate, how do we know that mental health professionals are performing to their maximum standards of Informing the patient about their care standards and things like who has the appropriate access to their medical information? We, as counseling psychology graduate students and professionals alike, have a strong moral and ethical responsibility to ourselves, our colleagues. and our clients to make sure that we provide appropriate documentation, informing the patients clearly of their rights and responsibilities, so that we do not potentially negatively affect the lives of other eople.In the article by Martindale, Chambers, and Thompson, In the four themes that emerge, â€Å"being referred; the participant's feelings, mental health difficulties, and their Impact; relationships with workers and carers; and autonomy (Martindale et al, p. 355)†, we see that many clients have concerns about continuing care. I think the most difficult and problematic Issue to handle there Is the patient's mental health and stability. In chapter 5 of the textbook, the ACA Code of Ethics, Section 8. 5. on informed consent states: â€Å"Responsibility to Clients.When counseling minor clients or adult clients who lack the capacity to give voluntary, Informed consent, counselors protect he confidentiality of information received in the counseling relationship as specified by federal and state laws, written policies, and applicable ethical standards. (Welfel, 2012, p. 142)†. It is the professional responsibility of the provider to be aware that the client has good mental standing to be able to know their rights. However, how dowe know upon first seeing the client that they are In a good mental standing to be completely informed? This puts providers in a tough situation.What happens to the clients they counsel who never k now of their consent rights and their confidentiality? How can we test for that if it we have no idea if the client is being honest with us? How do we know the frequency of occurrence? How do we know It Is not happening all the time? That Is why It is absolutely imperative to have open and t Of2 nonest communlcatlons wlt n tne cllent as oTten as posslDle. As graduate students, It is important for us to foster a supportive working relationship with our advisor, so hat we are absolutely sure the client is informed about what comes next in their therapy process.What if clients are too scared to ask how many sessions they have left? What if they are a â€Å"yes† person and can't say no to more or less treatment options? What if they have concerns but are too scared to ask about what is upcoming? I have personally seen a therapist who, after every session, had me fill out a questionnaire about my ability to see things clearly in the session; if I understood what my objectives were , if I understood her clearly, and if there was anything I was ersonally hesitant to share or anything that bothered me about our last session.This was extremely problematic for me because I always answered â€Å"no problems with last session† for fear that I would disappoint my provider or that she would then bring up the issue that I had experienced a problem with. I always felt uncomfortable, but continued to answer the questionnaires and continue care anyway because I needed it. In Martindale, Chambers, and Thompson's article, there are some limitations to the study. Primarily collected data were from mainly white omen.There seemed to be no measure of marginalized communities, under represented populations, or any data from the people who seem to struggle the most: people needing critical care. How would ethnic minorities respond to a provider who may not understand their cultural differences? How do we make sure those people are being informed appropriately? What about m arginalized communities who are in crisis and need care? How do we handle special situations appropriately? What about people who can't consent to appropriate care guidelines?

Mrs. Aesop by Carol Ann Duffy by Andrew Banks Essay

1. The poem â€Å"† is part of Carol Ann Duffy’s collection of poems, titled â€Å"The World’s Wife†. In this collection, Duffy wishes to highlight the fact that women have long been ignored and silenced throughout history. This is why all the poems in the collection are written from a female perspective. Duffy has created a literal version of an old saying, â€Å"behind every great man there is an even greater woman†. One of the poems in the collection, ‘Mrs. Aesop’, tells the story of a wife who is tired of her sermonizing, tedious husband, known as Aesop. Aesop was a storyteller who lived around the sixth century BC, in Greece. Many historical details surrounding him are missing, but it is thought that he was first a slave on the island of Samos and his fables came to be in a collection known as â€Å"Aesopica.† â€Å"Mrs. Aesop† draws on the fables to describe Aesop’s wife’s discontent and unhappiness, the p oem emasculating her husband. The major theme of this poem is to make apparent Mrs. Aesop’s transformation from the classic recessive wife with a dominant husband, to an empowered and confident woman that was able to have the last word. This is shown by lines such as, â€Å"That shut him up. I laughed last, longest.† This appears in the poem after Mrs. Aesop has mocked her husband’s impotence, with lines like â€Å"I gave him a fable one night/ about a little cock that wouldn’t crow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  mocking his masculinity whilst clearly referring to his genitalia. 2. Allusions are some of the many literary devices Duffy includes in her works to better deliver the messages of the female protagonists in â€Å"The World’s Wife.† An allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. For example, one would be making a literary allusion when stating, â€Å"I do not approve of such a quixotic idea.† Quixotic takes on the meaning of foolish and impractical, derived from Cervantes’s â€Å"Don Quixote†, a story about the misadventures of a doltish night and his cohort Sancho Panza. Many allusions are ones we use in our daily speech, such as Achilles’ heel – A weakness a person may have. Achilles was invulnerable excepting his heel or Achilles tendon. Pygmalion – Someone who tries to fashion someone else into the person he desires, originating from a myth adapted into a play by George Bernard Shaw. Casanova – a man who is amorous to women, based on the Italian adventurer.McCarthyism – modern witch hunt, the practice of publicizing accusations without evidence, made after Joseph McCarthy. Some allusions in the literature include when the character Horatio from Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† said â€Å"A mote it is to trouble the mind’s eye. In the highest and palmy state of Rome, A little ere the mightiest Julius fell, The graves stood tenantless and the sheeted dead Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I.i.111-115) Here, Horatio is making a reference to the historical figure of Julius Caesar, in addition to one of Shakespeare’s earlier plays titled â€Å"Julius Caesar.† Another time when allusions are used are in songs, such as when Nirvana made their classic, â€Å"Scentless Apprentice†: Like most babies smell like butter His smell smelled like no other. He was born scentless and senseless He was born a scentless apprentice. this allusion is to Patrick Sà ¼skind’s literary work Perfume. The scent Nirvana is alluding to is actually the blood of the protagonist’s twenty killing victims. 3. When Duffy uses allusions in Mrs. Aesop, she mainly uses them in the text to show Mrs. Aesop’s unhappiness with her husband In the first line, Mrs. Aesop says â€Å"By Christ, he could bore for Purgatory†. This is an allusion to Christianity, with purgatory being the place after death where souls go to be cleansed of their sins. The implication here is that Aesop could make this experience even worse. Later in the first stanza, Duffy alludes to one of Aesop’s fables, when Mrs. Aesop puts her own twist on the lineâ€Å"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush† changing it to â€Å"the bird in his hand that on his sleeve.† By adding to his work in such a way, Mrs. Aesop is disrespecting both her husband and his work, revealing the emotion she had kept bottled up for some time. Lines such as â€Å"a tortoise, somebody’s pet,/ creeping, slow as marriage, up the road,† are a clear allusion to the tale of the Tortoise and the Hare. Mrs. Aesop uses the tortoise and hare to describe the agony of her marriage. With her cynical view Mrs. Aesop shows to her, the fable is nothing more than the reflection of a terrible marriage. When Mrs. Aesop says â€Å"I’ll cut off your tail, all right, I said, to save my face.† this is another reference to her own suppression by her husband and many other wives. This is so because the line alludes to an incident in America in 1993 when a frustrated wife sliced off her husband’s genitals in a moment of crazed revenge. Mrs. Aesop takes on a similar path to gain the upper hand on her husband, by disrespecting and revealing her true feelings about her husband. Allusions are a key literary device used to show Mrs. Aesop’s transition from a â€Å"traditional† oppressed wife to a dominant, independent woman.

How Vainly Men Themselves Amaze Essay

1.Introduce the author and the title of the story. What is the story about? Try to answer in one sentence. 2.What is the genre of the story? (epistolary, a fragment from a novel, a play, a poem, a newspaper article, a short story, etc.) From whose point of view are the events presented? What type of narration is it? ( the text is wholly narrative, is a first person /a third person narration, the story is told from the point of view of†¦/perceived through the eyes of†¦/combines narration with description and elements of dialogue ) What effect is achieved by this type of narration in the given genre? 3.Comment on the composition of the story. What does the author gain from this particular composition? What distinct parts does the text fall into? What does each part describe/reveal/llustrate/present? Find the key sentense of each part. Prove the unity of each part both stylistically and pragmatically. If you are analyzing a complete piece of fiction trace the basic elements of the plot ( exposition, complication, climax, denouement ), provide the chain of events in short precise sentences in the present tense. Comment on the author’s arrangement of the elements of the plot with regard to the development of the conflict (external/internal, physical, psychological, moral, etc.). 4.What are your impressions of the characters? Give adjectives and prove your impression by quoting the text and commenting on the means used by the author to create/achieve this impression. Specify whether direct or indirect character drawing is chosen by the author. 5.What is the message of the story? Base your answer on the analysis of the characters and the title. 6.Comment on the cultural aspect of the story (Is the language British or American English? Prove your point of view). Provide some linguistic analysis.

Euthanasia: One’s Choice of Life or Death Essay

In recent years euthanasia has become a heated debate. Euthanasia has Greek roots as a â€Å"good death.† Euthanasia has many definitions. Euthanasia is considered to be voluntary when it takes place in accordance with the wishes of a competent individual. Nonvoluntary euthanasia is done without knowledge of the patients’ wishes either because the patient has always been incompetent, is now incompetent, or has left no Advanced Directive. Involuntary euthanasia is done against the wishes of the competent individual or against the wishes expressed in a valid Advanced Directive. Assisted suicide is usually defined as a specific situation in which there is a suicide, that is, an act of killing oneself intentionally. Physician assisted suicide is when the individual is given a lethal drug which they can use to kill themselves whenever they choose. Although the definitions may seem clear, there is much confusion about the words used to describe euthanasia and other actions that result in hastening death. Three states, Montana, Oregon, and Washington, have legalized euthanasia. My argument is euthanasia should be legalized in all fifty states. One point of the heated debate is the slippery slope that could possibly occur if euthanasia was legalized. Professor Phil D. Frey states that â€Å"We need the evidence that shows that horrible slope consequences might occur, as noted earlier, does not constitute such evidence.† In other words Phil D. Frey is saying it is possible that slippery slope effect can occur, but nothing shows that it is likely to happen. In Oregon, there are many steps before one can qualify for euthanasia. These steps ensure that no slippery slope can occur. In Andrew Walters view, â€Å"The Oregon Death with Dignity Act† has served as a model statue in other state attempts to pass assisted suicide legislation. The act has several important provisions, read altogether, provide safeguard for the terminally ill, the physicians that diagnose their terminal illness and the pharmacist that prescribes the lethal drugs.† The essence of Andrew Walters argument is that The Oregon Death with Dignity Act was a strong first step towards the legalization of euthanasia around the world. It shows that the legalization if euthanasia would not cause a slippery slope. The  act has many safeguards and provisions to prevent slippery slope. In 2006 Oregon passed the Death with Dignity Act. To request a prescription for lethal medications the Death with Dignity Act requires: †¢ 18 years or older  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Resident of Oregon  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Capable and able to make and communicate health care decisions †¢ Diagnosed with a terminal illness that will lead to death in 6 months Once meeting the above requirements, the following are some of the steps that need to be followed in requesting a lethal medication: †¢ The patient must make two oral requests to the physical separated by at least 15 days †¢ The patient must provide a written request to the physician signed in the presence of two witnesses †¢ The prescribing physician must inform the patient of feasible alternatives to assisted suicide, including comfort care, hospice care and pain control. Those who oppose euthanasia argue that slippery slope is most likely to happen. Most opponents will tell you that euthanasia is a step towards the legalization of murder. They argue people will end their lives because they are tired of living or see no worth in it. The opponents argue that the poor, minorities, the mentally ill, and the physically challenged will be some of the targeted groups of euthanasia. I argue the opponents are mistaken because they overlook the provisions and safeguards of the â€Å"Death with Dignity Act.† Another issue is the human right to life and self-determination. According to Walter Andrew, â€Å"Assisted suicide places the individual in control of his or her future allowing the individual to decide how, when and where they die.† Practical concerns also face the dying. After a terminally ill person watches his savings plummet while his medical costs and insurance premiums increase rapidly. Those unfamiliar with this school of thought may be interested to know that it basically boiled down to an individual’s right to determine their end of life decisions. The United States Constitution protects our right to life and liberty. Opponents argue that the human right to die is not a fundamental liberty interest protected by the due process  clause and that physicians are bound by the Hippocratic Oath, â€Å"First, do no harm.† I argue that physicians are not doing harm to patients. If a patient is in unbearable pain the physician is helping the patient by taking him out of his misery. If a competent individual is terminally ill, he should be able to control his destiny. If he cannot tolerate the pain, the pain cannot be managed by pain medication or he feels that he is a burden on family/community/society, it is the person’s right to determine if he wants to live. This right is consistent with the values of the human right to life and right of self-determination. One short but important fact is that if euthanasia were made legal, the patient would have had to have received the best medical care and pain management possible. This could reduce the chances of a slippery slope. It can also create healthier doctor-patient relationships by removing the fear of overtreatment. Euthanasia can be necessary for the distribution of health resources. Around the world and especially in America there is a shortage of health resources. Some patients who are ill and can be cured are not able to get speedy access to the facilities they require for treatment. Also, health resources are being used on people who cannot be cured and those who would prefer to die. Allowing those committed to euthanasia would not only let them have what they want, but will free valuable resources to treat people who want to live. Allowing the person who wants to die to initiate the process would prevent abuse. Those who oppose this will argue because they believe that such a proposal wide open to abuse and will ultimately lead to involuntary euthanasia because of the shortage of health resources. I argue that euthanasia is a good way to free up resources for those who need the care and want to live, instead of using it on those that want to die. In conclusion, the debate about the legalization of euthanasia will continue for years to come, but I believe that the arguments for legalizing euthanasia overpower the arguments against it. Assisted suicide is a quick and painless death, instead of going through months of pain; the patient can end their life on their own terms. The Death with Dignity Act ensures that the slippery slope will not happen. To preserve the dignity of human life, it is important that the remaining states and the federal government  legalize euthanasia to provide a safe and dignified way for terminally ill individuals to end their suffering. Works Cited â€Å"Arguments in Favour of Euthanasia.† BBC.com. 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . â€Å"Arguments Against Euthanasia.† BBC.com. 12 Apr. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . â€Å"Encyclopedia of Death and Dying.† Euthanasia. N.p., 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . Gorosh, David J. † .† Oakland Free Press [Oakland] 20 Mar. 1999: n. pag. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. Honan, Mathew. â€Å"Legalize Assisted Suicide.† Wired 17.10 (2009): 110. Science Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 1 Apr. 2010. Stokely, Anne. â€Å"Counter Point: The Right To Assisted Suicide. â€Å" Points of View: Assisted Suicide (2009): 6. Points of View Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 1Apr. 2012. Walter, Andrew. â€Å"Point: Euthanasia Should Be Legal.† Points of View: Euthanasia (2009): 2. Points of View Reference. EBSCO. Web. 1 Apr. 2010.

Bookstore Inventory System

Table of Contents Introduction Statement of the Problem Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework Significance of the Study Scope and Delimitation of the Study Definition of Terms Introduction Information Technology has brought different changes in the environment especially in the growth of advanced technology. Modern technology is used by many companies and other business establishment either private / public in order to benefit the advantages that it brings to businesses. They use a computer as one of the devices to work easier and faster. It is one of the aspects considered in order to gain success in the competitive world of business. Information Communication Technology or ICT is used as a general term for all kinds of technology which enable users to create access and manipulate information. ICT is a combination of information technology and communications technology. In an increasingly interconnected world, the interactions among devices, systems, and people are growing rapidly. Businesses need to meet the demands of their employees and customers to allow for greater access to systems and information. All of these communications needs must be delivered in a unified way. By offering a scalable infrastructure, cloud computing models enable companies to work smarter through more agile and cost-effective access to technology and information. This unified platform reduces costs and boosts productivity across business. Part of an information and communications technology roadmap should involve consolidating infrastructures, while providing added benefits to users in collaboration, messaging, calendaring, instant messaging, audio, video, and web conferencing. Cloud computing is driving more efficient IT consumption and delivery and taking ICT to the next level. The importance of having an efficient and robust Bookstore Inventory and Sales System cannot be understated. As technology continues to evolve, customers are demanding streamlined customer service and instant access to easier transaction process. Bookstore Inventory and Sales System generates customer service processes, increases efficiency and improves technological factors. Statement of the Problem This system aims to handle transactions and to have a success in customer interaction presents. 1. How can the customer view the details of a certain item they need. 2. How can the administrator view all the records of the entire customer. 3. How can the administrator compute the bills of the customer. 4. How the administrators can add and delete customer’s record. 5. How can the administrator manage the customers. Theoretical Framework Bookstore Inventory and Sales System provides the easiest way in customer service. At this point, our system is one whom we designed for the purpose. First, a user can register either an administrator or a clerk provided the questions and requirements asked as he go through the process then if successful, he will be automatically registered in the logs. If registered as administrator, he can do all changes in every transaction on sales and records for the authority is in that position. He can delete, edit, or add in the records available. He can also view all the stocks and the total sales in a certain date. On the other hand, clerk, he can only do things that only a clerk can do such as do transactions with the customer purchasing in a certain date and record it accordingly. Conceptual Framework Significance of the Study This system will be able to lessen the difficulty of service providers in finding and locating the book/s the customer want to buy. With corresponding details and price of each book, the clerk can be able to automatically inform the customer. This system will also help them know the quantity of books and stocks available. This will also function as a sales inventory for all the transactions recorded accordingly. This system will be able to lessen the time – consuming processes for clerk and customers, create a quick and easy ambiance for all transactions, to develop a customer clerk interaction with a good atmosphere, and especially to increase the number of sales because of the good services it provides. Scope and Delimitation From manual system to automated system is a very hard job to do but for an easier way it is designed to make the work faster. This inventory system can keep all the information and transactions in the computer. The admin can do change if the customers can’t achieve his/her needs. Admin/Clerk can compute the bills of the customers in an easiest way. This system can display all the customers’ information and needs. The customers can have his/her record in the computer and can have his/her service in details as he/she has requested. Definition of Terms 1. The act or process of making a complete list of the things that are in a place. 2. Sales The total amount of money that a business receives from selling goods or services. 3. Transaction A business deal: an occurrence in which goods, services, or money are passed from one person, account, company to another. 4. Bill An itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered. 5. Clerk A person whose job is to keep track of records and documents for a business or office. 6. Administrator A person who controls the use of something (such as property or money).

The Reforms of Peter the Great Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Reforms of Peter the Great - Essay Example According to Thomas Riha, he was one of the few leaders in the empire who had â€Å"†¦ the imagination and ability to offer outstanding personal leadership† (498). He instituted radical reforms in the country’s education military, local government and church by reorganizing his army in line with western standards, creating a navy secularizing the education sector as well and exercising greater control of the reactionary Orthodox Church compared to any of his predecessors. In summary, his foreign policy was aggressive considering that he, â€Å"...acquired territory in Estonia, Latvia and Finland and through several wars with Turkey in the south† (â€Å"Peter the Great biography†). This paper is an examination of the reforms made by Peter the great, their effects, and the significance they had on Russia. In an attempt to weaken the powers of the provincial government which he considered a threat, Peter allowed the towns to elect their own officials who would be charged with collection of revenue and simulation of trade, the real power behind the local government was Ratusha based in Moscow. In 1702, an elective board that replaced the old system of elected sheriffs governed towns, moreover, in 1724; he changed the system so that local governments could have a quasi-aristocracy of sorts where towns could be self-governed under guilds of elected well off citizens. Nonetheless, these reforms were considerably difficult to implement, practice since local property owners and the provincial governor had immense influence, and their hold on local affairs was extremely difficult to break. Provincial government was divided into eight Guberniia, which were headed by a Gubnator who had absolute power from within the guberniia that were divided into districts known as Uzeda, which by 1718 the increased by twelve in number. Peter considering the forty Provintsiia, in order to consolidate his power he ensured the Gubnators despite their local autonomy were directly answerable to him. In this case, there were forty departments to carry out his orders, however, since not all of them had predefined functions their duties would sometimes overspill into each other creating inefficiency and an allowance for corruption. Peter’s centralized government policy was evident in that â€Å"†¦each of the provinces was ruled by an appointed governor† (Riasanovsky and Steinberg 259). This meant that the governors exercised power at his pleasure, hence were fully loyal to him. Peter’s belief in absolutism ensured that the church would no longer retain its semiautonomous status, as he was interested in its control since it was a very wealth institution among other reasons. In addition, he wanted access to these funds, and although he had tried to modernize it, but it had refused to be changed and remained steadfast in its traditional ways. Furthermore, the church had substantial amounts of land, many serfs and oth er â€Å"properties†; consequently, Peter was uncomfortable because it appeared in a way the church was rivaling him. In order to control the church, Peter refused to appoint a leader of the church after Partricah Aldrich died and gradually took over the church integrating it into the state. In the year 1701, it was placed under a government department known as Monastyrskii Prikaz, and they paid the monks

Critical Thinking Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Thinking - Case Study Example Arbitration would ensure that consumers are able to have their cases resolved at a quicker rate and without any loss of time. The consumer can therefore be able to perform his/her daily duties with minimal fuss. According to Currier et al., recent studies suggest that, the percentage of consumer arbitration case outcomes, in favor of the consumers, stood at 55% and an additional 93% of respondents interviewed, regarding their general feelings and perceptions of the use of arbitration in consumer contracts, was favorable. They cited that they thought that, the use of arbitration, was more favorable than court cases due to their perceived fairness in dealing with consumer cases (Currier et al., 2009). Additionally, arbitration as a process is significantly cheaper than litigation in court. The high fees required by lawyers is non-existent in arbitration making it a cheaper alternative to court litigation. The insertion of the arbitration clause provides consumers with the ability to protect themselves against harmful or sub-standard goods and services supplied by a company. The arbitration clause provides consumers with the choice to purchase a good or service from one company or another in accordance with their preferences and tastes. Additionally, the arbitration clause provides a legal avenue that can be exploited by the consumer in case of a dispute. The introduction of binding arbitration clauses in consumer contracts will help both parties protect themselves against disputes and breach of

Monogamous Sexual Inercourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Monogamous Sexual Inercourse - Essay Example She also asked if they ever thought about marrying a virgin and they all said no. This writer thinks we have a new era where commitments are temporary, which is a bit of an oxymoron. If you marry and a relationship does not work you change to a new commitment. Some do it in through marriages some do not bother to marry. This is creating multiple problems in our society. Nine out of ten people polled by UNICEF believe the social fabric of our culture is under threat because of family breakdown. This article says much of the break down is to be blamed on the high numbers of single parent homes and step families. Since monogamy is not longer expected children do not have the same support base in the family that they had in the past. We see a rise in crime at younger and younger ages. We see more and more children treated for depression an anxiety. Our children no longer know where they belong. It appears that when there is an abandonment of long term commitment sexually there is also no long term commitment to parenting and we see a change in the behavior of children (Daily Mail, 2007). This is of course not good for the children it is also very expensive for our society. The second problem that comes with having multiple sexual partners is the number of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) reported today. The more partners an individual has the more likely they are to contract and STD. The cost of STD treatment including HIV rises every year. In 2006, if all STD numbers were combined it reaches epidemic levels in the United States (Update to CDC’s Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines). It appears to this writer that multiple sexual partner is not wise from a wellness perspective. We stop smoking because it can cause illness why would we not advocate remaining monogamous to prevent illness? This writer sees the switch to multiple sexual partners and its generally